Peptide Explorer

A modified 16-amino-acid fragment of human growth hormone corresponding to the lipolytic region (residues 176-191). Unlike full-length hGH, AOD-9604 has been shown to stimulate lipolysis without affecting IGF-1 levels or promoting diabetogenic effects.

A 15-amino-acid gastric pentadecapeptide with remarkable stability in the GI tract. One of the most extensively studied peptides in regenerative research with over 100 publications spanning wound healing, angiogenesis, tendon repair, and cytoprotection.

The arginine salt form of BPC-157, designed for enhanced stability in oral administration. The arginine counterion provides buffering capacity and may enhance the peptide's stability in the acidic gastric environment compared to the standard acetate form.

A synthetic 29-amino-acid analog of GHRH with four amino acid substitutions that dramatically increase metabolic stability. Unlike the DAC (Drug Affinity Complex) version, the no-DAC form preserves pulsatile GH release patterns, which is considered more physiological.

A modified dipeptide derived from angiotensin IV. Dihexa is a potent hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) mimetic reported to enhance HGF/c-Met signaling at picomolar concentrations, making it one of the most potent nootropic compounds studied to date.

A nonapeptide first isolated in 1974 from the cerebral venous blood of rabbits during induced slow-wave sleep. DSIP promotes delta-wave (deep) sleep patterns without the sedative effects of GABAergic sleep aids, and has additional roles in stress response and pain modulation.

A tetrapeptide based on the pineal gland peptide epithalamine, developed by Professor Vladimir Khavinson at the St. Petersburg Institute of Biogerontology. Epithalon is the most-studied telomerase activator of peptide origin, with research spanning over 35 years in the Khavinson laboratory.

The first GLP-1 receptor agonist approved for clinical use. Exendin-4 from Gila monster venom shares 53% homology with human GLP-1 but resists DPP-4 degradation. It laid the foundation for the entire incretin mimetic class.

A D-retro-inverso peptide designed to selectively disrupt the FOXO4-p53 interaction in senescent cells. By blocking this interaction, p53 is released from the nucleus, triggering selective apoptosis of senescent cells while sparing healthy cells — a true senolytic approach.

A naturally occurring copper-binding tripeptide found in human plasma, saliva, and urine. Levels decline significantly with age (from ~200 ng/mL at age 20 to ~80 ng/mL by age 60), making it a key focus of anti-aging research.

A hexapeptide GH secretagogue considered the most potent of the GHRP family on a per-weight basis. It has moderate effects on cortisol and prolactin (less than GHRP-6) and retains some appetite stimulation, positioning it between GHRP-6 and ipamorelin in selectivity.

One of the earliest and most widely studied synthetic GH secretagogues. GHRP-6 acts on the ghrelin receptor (GHSR-1a) to stimulate GH release but also significantly increases appetite, cortisol, and prolactin, distinguishing it from more selective peptides like ipamorelin.

The endogenous gonadotropin-releasing hormone, a decapeptide released in pulsatile fashion from the hypothalamus. Gonadorelin controls the entire reproductive hormone cascade by regulating LH and FSH release from the anterior pituitary.

A hexapeptide GH secretagogue notable for its cardioprotective properties independent of GH release. The 2-methyltryptophan substitution increases potency, and hexarelin uniquely binds both GHSR-1a and CD36 scavenger receptors, giving it a dual signaling profile.

A 24-amino-acid mitochondrial-derived peptide discovered through a screen for anti-apoptotic factors in Alzheimer's disease. Humanin was the first mitochondrial-derived peptide identified, preceding MOTS-c, and has demonstrated cytoprotective effects across neurological, cardiovascular, and metabolic models.

A selective growth hormone secretagogue that stimulates GH release via the ghrelin/GHSR-1a receptor without significantly affecting cortisol, ACTH, or prolactin levels. This selectivity distinguishes it from other GHRPs like GHRP-6 and hexarelin.

The minimal active fragment of kisspeptin/metastin, a peptide that acts as the master regulator of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis via KISS1R. Kisspeptin-10 stimulates GnRH release, positioning it upstream of all gonadotropins.

A tripeptide derived from the C-terminal end of alpha-MSH. Unlike the parent molecule, KPV lacks melanocortin receptor binding but retains potent anti-inflammatory signaling, making it a focus of GI and dermatological research.

A GLP-1 receptor agonist with 97% homology to native GLP-1. Its palmitoyl fatty acid chain enables albumin binding and a half-life of ~13 hours, requiring once-daily dosing. The SCALE and LEADER trials established its metabolic and cardiovascular profile.

The only human cathelicidin-derived antimicrobial peptide. LL-37 bridges innate immunity and wound healing, with broad-spectrum activity against bacteria, viruses, and fungi. It is expressed in skin, mucosa, and immune cells.

A cyclic heptapeptide and non-selective melanocortin receptor agonist. Melanotan II activates MC1R (melanogenesis), MC3R, MC4R (sexual function/appetite), and MC5R, giving it a broad biological profile. It was the parent compound from which PT-141 was derived.

A non-peptide, orally active ghrelin receptor agonist (GHSR-1a). Unlike peptide secretagogues, MK-677 can be administered orally with high bioavailability. It sustainably elevates GH and IGF-1 levels for up to 24 hours from a single dose without desensitization over months of use.

The first mitochondrial-derived peptide shown to have metabolic signaling functions. MOTS-c is encoded within the mitochondrial genome and acts as a retrograde signal from mitochondria to the nucleus, bridging mitochondrial function with metabolic regulation.

An enhanced version of Selank with N-terminal acetylation and C-terminal amidation. These modifications significantly increase resistance to aminopeptidase and carboxypeptidase degradation, resulting in extended biological activity and improved intranasal bioavailability.

The stabilized form of Semax featuring both N-terminal acetylation and C-terminal amidation. These structural modifications protect the peptide from enzymatic degradation at both termini, significantly extending its biological half-life while preserving the nootropic and neuroprotective properties of the parent molecule.

A cycloprolylglycine-derived dipeptide nootropic with ~1000x greater potency than piracetam on a per-weight basis. It is rapidly metabolized to cycloprolylglycine, an endogenous neuropeptide, and enhances both NGF and BDNF expression.

A small tetrapeptide derived from the active region of CNTF. P21 was designed to mimic CNTF's neurotrophic effects while being small enough for oral bioavailability and BBB penetration. Research focuses on neurogenesis and tau pathology.

A palmitoylated tetrapeptide derived from IgG fragments, primarily used in combination with Palmitoyl Tripeptide-1 (as Matrixyl 3000). It acts on the inflammatory component of skin aging by reducing IL-6 secretion from keratinocytes, complementing the collagen-stimulating effects of its partner peptide.

The palmitoylated derivative of the GHK tripeptide, designed for topical application in skin research. The palmitic acid moiety enhances lipophilicity and skin penetration, allowing the GHK sequence to reach dermal fibroblasts where it stimulates collagen and ECM synthesis.

The parent Body Protection Compound protein from which BPC-157 is derived. Research on the full BPC protein preceded the isolation of the active pentadecapeptide fragment and established the initial cytoprotective profile that guided subsequent BPC-157 research.

A cyclic heptapeptide melanocortin receptor agonist (primarily MC4R) developed from the Melanotan II scaffold. Unlike phosphodiesterase inhibitors, PT-141 acts centrally through hypothalamic melanocortin pathways, representing a mechanistically distinct approach to sexual function research.

The first triple-incretin receptor agonist targeting GIP, GLP-1, and glucagon receptors simultaneously. Phase 2 data demonstrated the largest weight reductions reported for any anti-obesity molecule, positioning it as a next-generation metabolic research compound.

A heptapeptide developed at the Institute of Molecular Genetics (Russian Academy of Sciences) based on the endogenous immunomodulatory peptide tuftsin. The addition of the Pro-Gly-Pro sequence enhances metabolic stability while retaining and extending the biological profile of the parent molecule.

A long-acting GLP-1 receptor agonist with 94% homology to native GLP-1. Its albumin-binding acyl chain extends half-life to ~7 days. One of the most impactful metabolic research compounds of the past decade, with landmark trials (STEP, SELECT, SUSTAIN) demonstrating effects on glycemic control and body weight.

A heptapeptide derived from the ACTH(4-10) fragment, developed at the Institute of Molecular Genetics. Unlike the parent ACTH molecule, Semax lacks corticotropic and steroidogenic activity, instead focusing on nootropic and neuroprotective pathways.

The minimally truncated form of native GHRH, containing all 29 amino acids required for full biological activity. As the natural GHRH receptor agonist, Sermorelin represents the most physiological approach to GH axis stimulation and was the first FDA-approved GHRH analog.

An octapeptide that competes with SNAP-25 for incorporation into the SNARE complex, reducing neuromuscular junction signaling. As an extended version of Argireline (Acetyl Hexapeptide-3), SNAP-8 offers enhanced competition for the SNARE complex binding site.

A mitochondria-targeted tetrapeptide that concentrates >1000-fold in the inner mitochondrial membrane, selectively binding cardiolipin. By stabilizing cardiolipin-cytochrome c interactions, SS-31 optimizes electron transport chain efficiency and reduces ROS production at the source.

A 43-amino-acid protein and the primary actin-sequestering molecule in eukaryotic cells. Found in virtually all cell types except RBCs, TB-500 plays a fundamental role in cell motility, migration, and cytoskeletal organization.

A modified form of full-length GHRH(1-44) with a trans-3-hexenoic acid group that enhances metabolic stability. It is the only GHRH analog specifically studied and approved for lipodystrophy, with additional research into cognitive function and hepatic steatosis.

A dipeptide from the Khavinson bioregulator series, isolated from thymic tissue. Along with Epithalon, Thymalin has been part of a 35+ year research program studying short peptides as gene expression regulators. It is studied primarily for immune restoration in aging.

A 28-amino-acid thymic peptide that serves as a key regulator of immune function. Approved in over 35 countries for hepatitis B/C treatment and as an immune adjuvant, Thymosin Alpha-1 enhances both innate and adaptive immunity through multiple mechanisms.

The first dual GIP and GLP-1 receptor agonist, representing a paradigm shift from single-incretin approaches. The SURPASS and SURMOUNT trials demonstrated unprecedented efficacy in glycemic control and weight reduction, exceeding results seen with selective GLP-1 agonists.

A 28-amino-acid neuropeptide found throughout the central and peripheral nervous systems, GI tract, and immune cells. VIP acts on VPAC1 and VPAC2 receptors to mediate vasodilation, smooth muscle relaxation, immune regulation, and neuroprotection across multiple organ systems.